"The Secrets of Mental Supremacy.."

So these four processes of reasoning--analysis, extension, likeness, and unlikeness--must be gone through in order to make complete and valuable associations.

In the example just given I chose for my object a brick because the mere fact of its being a simple, prosaic, and commonplace object rendered my explanation more clear. The same process, the same treatment, however, may and, in fact, must be applied to other and more complicated ideas.

First of all we analyze the object from every standpoint and in every particular and detail. If a concrete object we study all its qualities as we did in the case of the brick. If an idea, we consider carefully all its phases. Then trace all its relations to other ideas, noting in what respect it resembles or differs from such other ideas. Then we shall have gone through the four processes--analysis, extension, likeness, and unlikeness.

To give you an instance illustrating this interesting and important method: Not long ago I was one of a number of guests at a country house. One evening when a number of us were sitting on the porch, the little daughter of our hostess approached with a dish containing some fine apples, and said to me: "Will you have an apple, Doctor?" "My dear, that is a dangerous question to ask a man," said I. "Do you not know that all the sin and misery in the world came because a woman once asked a man to have an apple--and because he took it?"

And the child laughed and said: "Oh, I know. You mean the apple that Adam took from Eve." Clever child!

Now my remark was made without any conscious effort of mind whatever--without any striving or deliberate action of the will. It was entirely subconscious and effortless. Afterward I amused myself by tracing out exactly what my mind had done when the child asked that question. And this is what happened: Analysis "girl--offers apple." Out of this analysis I selected the idea "apple" and upon this based my extension. First of all I thought of the old adage "tender as the apple of the eye."

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